Category Archives: WWII

La Marseillaise Casablanca

Released in January 1943, when the most important battle of the war, the battle of Stalingrad, was still raging, with Normandy still a year and a half in the future, and the tide not yet turned against Hitler’s war machine. Most of Europe and North Africa was under the jackboot of Nazi tyranny. Many of the actors in the scene were actual refugees who had fled from the Nazis, so the emotions were real. This celluloid moment may capture the spirit of hope and resistance better than any other. It is a true testament to the power of movies.

In real life Jean Moulin, murdered by the Gestapo in 1943, became the symbol of the French Resistance.

 

John G. Morris – 20th Century Little Big Man

Capa,_D-Day1In 1964 Thomas Berger published Little Big Man. Filmed later as an anti-war parody by director Arthur Penn, the satirical novel recounts the exploits of 111-year-old Jack Crabb, as he wanders through the history of nineteenth-century western America. Along the way his life intersects with the likes of Wild Bill Hickok, Wyatt Earp, Buffalo Bill, and Custer. Through it all he has a front row seat to the so-called “winning of the West”— and he doesn’t like what he sees.

Crabb was a fictional character but each era seems to have its real life Jack Crabbs–  people whose long lives spanned critical historical events, and whose actions, usually associated with their work, influenced events behind the scenes. One such real life character is John G. Morris (1916 –  ). Quietly Morris became a key figure in the story of the 20th-century through his photo editing. He was on the scene in downtown Los Angeles early in 1942 to photograph the first wave of Japanese men, women and children being packed off to internment camps in the high desert. He then went to London as Life magazine’s lead photo editor in Europe during World War II and was in charge of coordinating the visual coverage of the Western Front. It was Morris who managed to save a handful of historic images shot by Robert Capa at D-Day when it was feared the entire set had been lost when damaged in development. Morris went to Normandy himself shortly after the invasion and snapped some memorable photos of his own. After the war, while at Ladies Home Journal, Morris published Women and Children of the Soviet Union with photos taken by Robert Capa. The photos provided Americans with a rare glimpse behind the Iron Curtain at the onset of the Cold War.

His career spans tenures with Life magazine, the Magnum photo agency, Ladies’ Home JournalThe Washington Post, The New York Times, and the National Geographic magazine. He knew and worked with the most celebrated war chroniclers of the times– Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson, W. Eugene Smith, Ernest Hemingway and David Duncan to name just a few. While he was the photo editor for The New York Times during the Vietnam War, Morris put Nick Ut’s “Napalm Girl” and Eddie Adams’ Saigon execution and John Filo’s student crying at Kent State on the front page — photos that greatly affected public perception of the Vietnam War. Morris is passionately anti-war, and much like Jack Crabb, it becomes abundantly clear upon listening to him speak that he doesn’t like what he sees. View an excellent documentary about John G. Morris called Get The Picture.

Career:

Daily Maroon (The Chicago Maroon), University of Chicago student newspaper, 1933-37

Pulse, University of Chicago student magazine, Editor, 1937-38

LIFE (magazine), Editorial Staff, 1939-46 : New York, Los Angeles, Washington, London, Chicago, Paris

Ladies’ Home Journal, Associate Editor (Pictures), 1946-52

Magnum News Service, Editor, 1952-63

The Washington Post, Assistant Managing Editor (Graphics), 1964-65

Time/Life Books, editor, 1966-67

The New York Times, Picture Editor, 1967-74; Editor, NYT Pictures, 1975-76

Quest/77-79, Contributing Editor, 1977-79

National Geographic, European Correspondent, 1983-89

China In Revolution 1911 – 1949 (Video)

Hurley, Chiang, and Mao

Image via Wikipedia

  • 1911: Xinhai Revolution. An Army revolt marks the beginning of the Republic.
  • 1912: Sun Yat-sen is made first provisional President of the Republic.
    • Guo Min Dang (KMT), The National People’s Party is founded.
    • Emperor Xuan Tong resigns.
    • Yuan Shikai becomes provisional President.
  • 1915: Japan presents its Twenty-One Demands.
  • 1916: Warlords struggle for power after the death of Yuan Shikai.
  • 1919: May Fourth Movement.
  • 1921: Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is formed.
  • 1921-1922: Nine Power Treaty.
  • 1923: Chiang Kai-shek becomes head of the Huangpu Military Academy.
  • 1925: Sun Yat-sen dies.
  • 1926-1927: Mao Zedong organizes the peasants of Hunan Province.
  • 1927: Chiang Kai-shek turns on the leaders of the labor unions and the Communist Party. Many are killed.
  • 1928: Capital is moved to Nanjing.
    • Most of China is under KMT control.
    • Japanese blow up Zhang Zuolin’s train.
  • 1929-1931: Disastrous famine.
  • 1930-1934: Chiang Kai-shek leads five encirclement campaigns against the Communists.
  • 1931: Mukden Incident
    • Japanese take Manchuria.
  • 1934-35: The Long March of the Communist Party.
  • 1936: Xian Incident. Attempted coup against Chiang.
  • 1937: Incident at Marco Polo Bridge. Begins Second Sino-Japanese War. Communist Eight Route Army Formed.
  • 1938: Japanese take much of China. Communists filter in behind enemy lines and fight guerrilla war against Japanese.
  • 1940: Puppet government under Wang Jingwei is established.
  • 1941: New Fourth Army Incident
  • 1945: Japanese surrender.
  • 1946: KMT and CCP agree to a cease fire. Cease fire does not last.
  • 1948: CCP takes Manchuria and northern China.
  • 1949: Chiang Kai-shek and KMT retreat to Taiwan.

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WIKIPEDIA – CHINESE CIVIL WAR

Vietnam Notebook: The World War II Years, 1940 – 1945

Hồ Chí Minh (right) with Vo Nguyen Giap (left)...

Image via Wikipedia

Ho Chi Minh walked a distance of well over 100 miles, all while avoiding Japanese patrols. He met with various American intelligence officers upon arrival. Many first hand accounts of Ho in these days emphasize his ephemeral nature. Clearly he had to have been a fascinating character to these men steeped in spy-craft. <MORE>