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In the course of the First Indochina War the French Expeditionary Force endured terrible losses. Entire classes from the most elite military schools perished. The French were increasingly forced to fall back on locally recruited material. This tendency, which the French called jaunissement, the “yellowing” of the army, was increasingly apparent by 1952-53… MORE>>
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No more than ten percent of Vietnamese received any formal schooling at all. But some of those who received western-based schooling were to have enormous political impact. The schools were filled with the sons of government officials and merchants, both French and Vietnamese. They became versed in the French concept of Liberté, Égalité and Fraternité. So it isn’t surprising that some of these students would become oppositional to a colonial system that looked down on and exploited the native population. These were young people for the most part, and many felt that their elders had debased themselves for French favors. The result was the emergence of a strong strain of Vietnamese self-awareness with a powerful anti-French edge. And it was the better educated who would drive the virulent anti-French sentiments as time went on…. MORE>>
Posted in Asia, Biography, Essays, History, Vietnam, War
Tagged Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, Vietnam War
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The 1972 Eastertide Offensive was Giap’s third try at Mao’s third stage conventional warfare, the first being his General Offensive near Hanoi in 1951, the second being Tet in 1968…<MORE>
Posted in Asia, Essays, History, US Military, Vietnam, War
Tagged Hanoi, North Vietnam, Vietnam, Vietnam War
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Posted in Activism, California, History, Labor, Politics
Tagged Collective bargaining, Labor Movement, National Labor Relations Board, Trade union, Work
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